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for organization, Kim Jong-il." At that point, "inside the military, people thought Kim Jong-il didn't have the ability to rule," Lim said. Some officers pointed out, "He didn't even enlist in the army. He went to university and spent only one month or so in military camp. He doesn't know how to lead the army. If we make war with Kim Jong-il as our leader, we will all die."The Kims grey metallic ugg boots brushed aside soldiers' private reservations. In December 1991, Kim Jong-il took over as supreme commander of the People's Army. In April 1992, he was named to the top military rank of marshal alongside only one other soldier of that exalted status, O Jin-u. (His father was pro- moted that year from marshal to a newly created super rank translated as generalissimo or grand marshal.) That day, said Lim, Kim Jong-il "was sup- posed to wear a marshal's uniform, but he declined. O Jin-u told him, 'You should wear it ! ' But Kim Jong-il said, 'It's not suitable for me to wear a clean marshal's uniform. That uniform should be torn with shrapnel.''' Lim related this bit of army lore (which I also heard from another former military man) explicitly to illustrate the new marshal's bellicosity. But the anecdote also suggests that Kim Jong-il felt - or wanted to be perceived as ~eeling-some- thing akin to modesty.2 On April 25, 1993, the sixtieth anniversary of the People's Army, Kim Jong-il became chairman of the party's military comrmssion. Reviewing a military parade that day, he had to give a short speech before an assembled multitude. Although he uttered just a single sentence invoking glory upon the armed forces, delivering a messa8'e in person to such a vast audience was an unaccustomed task. One former high official who watched the event on a videotape in Seoul told me, "I saw Kim Il-sung turned toward Kim Jong-il with an expression of concern -- could he make it through his phrase? " The younger Kim did make it ugg casual shoes through, smoothly enough. But rumors spread that he had a speech problem, a former army sergeant, Lee Chong- guk, told me. Even if that was the case, however, public speaking may have been the least of Kim Jong-il's problems. "Kim Il-sung was idolized," Lee said, "but for Kim Jong-il, there are only bad rumors, like the ,lcippeunjo. Al- though there were rumors that Kim Il-sung white boots for sale australia had a five-year~old son, he wasidolized anyhow because of his role in the anti-Japanese struggle and the Korean War. As for Kim Jong-il, it's rumored black suede sandals that he sleeps in the afternoon,parties at night and has affairs with actresses. Nothing good is said about Kim Jong-il.""At first, Kim Il-sung made a conscious effort to hand over power to his son," said former party secretary Hwang Jang-yop. "But as Kim Jong-il began to take control of every area of the government, there was nothing Kim Il-sung could do to control his son anymore. By the 1990s, Kim Il-sung was merely an advisor to his son. But they were father and son, with father having an